Discharge device with an outer anode



April 5, 1949.

J. STIVIN DIS HARG'E DEVICE WITH AN OUTER ANODE' I 2 She ets-Sheejt 1 Filed Feb. 25; 1947.

suing f oews= J. STlVlN 2,466,565

DISCHARGE DEVICE WITH AN OUTER ANODE April 5, 1949.

Filed Feb. 25, 1947 FIE. z-

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 5, 1949 DISCHARGE DEVICE WITH AN OUTER ANODE .l'ii'i Stivin, Rychnov U Jablonce N. Nisou,

Czechoslovakia Application February 25, 1947, Serial No. 30,829 In Czechoslovakia December 11, 1945 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires December 11, 1965 7 Claims.

The present invention relates to a discharge device with an outer anode.

The main object of the invention is to provide a new kind of a discharge device which has numerous advantages over discharge devices known up to now, in particular simplicity of manufacture of various parts which may be assembled into a discharge device in an extremely simple way.

The discharge device according to the invention is distinguished substantially by the fact that the cathode and grid leads are suspended in separate extensions mounted on the cover of the anode vessel and consist at least partially of glass tubes, insulating the said leads from the anode, which forms an envelope for the discharge device, said extensions being preferably enclosed within a container arranged above the envelope and filled with liquid insulating material such as oil.

The anode and the oil container, mounted above the anode may preferably be surrounded by a common cooling jacket, and the water used for cooling the anode, serves also to cool the oil in the container enclosing the members connecting the glass and metal parts.

Further features and advantages of the invention will appear from the ensuing description.

Examples of carrying out the discharge device according to the invention are represented in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section a discharge device in which water cooling is used, and

Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the cathode filament.

As shown in Fig. 1 the metal anode has the shape of a cylindrical container I, comprising the cathode filament and grid 30.

The anode vessel I is closed on top by a cover 3. The lower ends of extensions 5 for leads 6 and I of the cathode and grid respectively are inserted into corresponding apertures in the cover 3. The drawing shows only one cathode lead it being evident, that two such members have to be used so that altogether three extensions 5 have to be provided. To achieve symmetry and a better suspension, two grid leads or suspension members may be used so that altogether four extensions are then employed.

The connection and sealing of the cover 3 in the anode vessel I and of the lower ends of the supply extensions 5 in the apertures in the cover 3 may be carried out by rolling and/or welding of the rims.

According to another embodiment, shown in the drawing, the cover 3 may be placed'with its tapered rim into the conically diverging upper part of the anode vessel I. The apertures in the cover 3 are provided with conically diverging seats I I, in which the tapered lower ends of the supply extensions 5 are inserted, the latter being extended downwards by cylindrical portions I3, provided with a screw thread. Nuts I2 screwed on to such thread warrant a tight seal between the conical ends l0 and seats I I. A perfect sealing of such mounting and of mounting of the cover 3 in the conical rim 2 of the anode vessel I may be achieved by additional sealing with tin, solder, or with any other low melting alloy l5 applied into grooves I4 and I5, provided on the upper rims of the conical seats I2 and 2.

In order to protect the said alloy during the evacuation of the discharge device, said metal or alloy may be covered with a suitable salt or slag. In operation the parts are protected by oil surrounding the extensions 5.

The metallic lower parts of the extensions 5 are in any suitable way gas-tightly attached to glass tubes 8, which are closed at their tops by metal caps provided with leads 6 and I for the grid and cathode filaments respectively. 9 is the remainder of the evacuating tube. This tube is preferably arranged on the glass portion of one of the extensions 5; this dispenses with the necessity of providing separate sealing means for the evacuating tube which would pass, for instance, through the metal cover 3.

The upper ends of the grid and filament suspensions are preferably provided with a thread, screwed into corresponding female threads, arranged in the bottom of the metal leads 6 and I. This arrangement facilitates considerably the assembly, as the cover 3 may be placed from above on the suspension members, carrying already the said grid and filament, whereupon the extensions 5 are inserted and screwed on to the upper end of the suspension members. By tightening the nuts l2 the extensions 5 are then secured in their position whereupon the whole unit is positioned on the vessel I and suitably sealed.

All extensions 5 are enclosed in a metal container 29, provided above the anode I and attached to the same at its lower end. The said container 20 is filled with a suitable insulating liquid such as oil and closed on top by a cover 2|, provided with lugs 2I and 23, through which extend the grid and cathode leads respectively. The whole discharge device i. e. the anode vessel I and the oil container 20 are surrounded by a cooling jacket 24-25, through which a-fiow of cooling water is maintained. Water is admitted through an aperture 26 in the lower part underneath the bottom of the anode 2| and flows upwards aroun he an d d. ihr her rou the container. M t0,the;-,qut1et 21 in; the upperpart. The water which cools the anode serves, therefore, also for cooling oil in the container 20.

By the described arrangement the most sensitive and delicate parts of the discharge device, i. e. the glass insulating members 8 of the ex: tensions are safely protected. Thesaid extensions are further efiiciently cooled by oil", so that they are not subject to any thermic stress.

The grid 30 is wound round the grid carriers. 3|, secured to the grid lead..6. The cathode filament 35 is, in contradistinctionto the lfillalpraur tice, arranged in a manner shown; diagrammatically in Fig. 2. It consists of several, for instance, two filaments, connected in parallel; and suspended in U-shape within the grid on leads 33 and 14.

In order'tdre e ast as ssib t ether-mic stress; ot the cathode leads, it would beadvantageous to have-- the heated filament as long as possible. In such a case it is then possible to achi ve he r qui edhea in e f e at a lowerintensity- 05 current by increase ofthe heati g v ltage- In th a-. s m ts; know up to. now the. prov s onof; such. lions: fil men couldnot be carried out as itwas; impossible to supp rt the hot filament. The insu ators. used for thisnu pcs when; mush o. a h gh temm atnr lrel ese aaseswhich des roy the v c um n the, discha d v ce;

According to the invention this drawback is ov d. by div din he filament. int s r parts 353$. 3.1: (Fi 2;) ,cqnne din ser eaea part: of. the filame t be n suspe ded n; U- from; above into the anode vessel l and the individual branches or these par bein a an e on the circumference of the; cylinder. The portions of' he. filament are. suspended: on. the one hand; on. the leads: 3.3% and 34 and; o t e h r hand on interposed suspension members. 33, and 3A. which are made of e. g. molybdenum rods sim a y o-m mbers 3.3 and: 3.4 seeldiesramma QR e 1 flt 0n:m.Fig.2') The- .996 en so the suspension. members; 33 and; 3.4 are secured by meansof suita l insula ors: 3. to the; uppe pa r of, the supply members; 33, and 34.1; e. inportions where the temperatures are already: sufliciently low so that the above mentioned objectionable destroying of vacuum is. prevented. In order to eliminateshort circuiting or thefilaments. in the lower part of, the anode vessel i, where they cross each other, the lower bent portions or the various partial: filament, connected in series, are arrangedv difierent heights, as shown in the drawing.

n the example shows o c ame s. consisting or three parts connected in series are used. The suspensionv members 33' and 3A. are, or urse common. f r. both a n s an nddition,, the lower parts of. the individual filament portions 35 and 35', land 36- .31 and. 31, which are on the same potential, are connected together. In a practical embodiment ofthe invention this may be carried outby crosswise arrangement of these portions. of filaments, in the same. height in the lower part or the anode vessel- I.

In as at: an. i te m t ent p rated di chargedevice, the. jacket for cooling water may be dispensed with and, the anode provided with co ing. ribs 4.0. extending. substantially at. right aniles to. the axis. o

the tube The cooling ribs are surrounded by a jacket 4|, supplied by cooling air from a conduit 42 the air flowing around the cooling ribs to the outlet 43. The anode vessel I may be overheated during the operational perio s or e di e. ev e. but is sumciently cooled by the flow of air during inoperative intervals, so as to be able to receive heat generated in the further operative period. The anode vessel 1; operates in this case as a heat accumulator receiving the heat intermittently generated which is then continuously carried off by the flow oi cooling air.

The term insulating vessel as used in the following claims is intended to define a vessel which serves for insulating purposes by being filled with an insulating liquid but is not intended to indicate that the vessel itself is made out of insulating material.

I: claim:

1. An electron discharge device comprising in combination. a closed, anode vessel having atop wall; inlet openings in saidtopwall of said. anode vessel; tubular leading-in members extending upwardly fromsaid, upper wall of said anode vessel, each firmly securedtothe same surrounding oneof said inlet openings; cathode. andgrid leads; pa s n h u h sa d bu ar adin -i members and through saidinlet, openings; into said anode vessel; electric contact terminals. at the upper ends. of said, tubular leading -in members. connected to said cathode and grid; leads; an. insulating vessel surrounding; said tubular leading-in members. and. extending; upwardly from said anode vessel. sealed atits,v bottom edge to the same; an insulating and heat conducting liquid. at least partly filling said. insulating vessel; a cooling" vessel surrounding at least said inulatm vesse a d an inlet and a outl t rthing in. said cooling vessel arranged. so as-to enable circulation of a cooling liquid through the same. past the wall of. said insulating, vessel.

2. An electronv discharge, device comprising in co bination: a. clo ed aun ie vessel havin a top wall; inlet openings. in said top. wall or said anode vess l; tubular leading-1n m mbers extending upwardly from said. upper wall. of said anode, vessel, each firmly. secured, to, the same su r un in o aid n et penin Qt hq and rid leads passing through said tubular. 9 ing-in. members and through said ih etopehlnss into said anode vessel; electric contact, tennials at e u pe nds of said tubu ar mmemembers connected t said. athpd an 511 leads; a insulating. v sse urr undin aid, buliar leading-in members and extending upwardl iro saidv an de vessel sea e at its bbttoin ed e. o. the. sa e; an ns latin an hea conductin quid at least pa ly lin sa d. nsu atins es el; a lin es l. urround ng S hm e el andsa d sl a lns vess l; an an inlet an a o t en mas in. said c blin vess l ar n d. so as t e abl cir at sn o a. .901- s i uid h ugh the same. s t e ells, of s id n e ssel and id. insu a in s e n, l tron. dis har evice c m r sin in om na ion a. ed discharge. vesse having a. a l; athcde a d gr d. leads ext n ing upwardly om aid t p. wa l. .1 sa d dischatse vessel; an lat ng. ves el sh rohndms. said. c thsd andv r d leads. a d extending un trdlr t ems d scharge vessel seal d at its atten; edge o. th same; an. ins la in a he t. cohdu ihs: i ui a e t a ly Sa d sulating a cooling vessel surrounding at least said ing. vesse and an inletand an outletorsniag in said cooling vessel arranged so as to enable circulation of a cooling liquid through the same past the wall of said insulating vessel.

4. An electron discharge device comprising in combination a close discharge vessel having a top wall; cathode and grid leads extending upwardly from said top Wall of said discharge vessel; an insulating vessel surrounding said cathode and grid leads and extending upwardly from said discharge vessel sealed at its bottom edge to the same: an insulating and heat conducting liquid filling at least partly said insulating vessel; a cooling vessel surrounding said discharge vessel and said insulating vessel; and an inlet and an outlet opening in said cooling vessel arranged so as to enable circulation of a cooling liquid through the same past the walls of said discharge vessel and said insulating vessel.

5. An electron discharge device comprising in combination a closed discharge vessel having a top wall; inlet openings in said top wall of said discharge vessel; tubular leading-in members extending upwardly from said upper wall of said discharge vessel each firmly secured to the same surrounding one of said inlet openings; an insulating vessel surrounding said tubular leading-in members and extending upwardly from said discharge vessel sealed at its bottom edge to the same; an insulating and heat conducting liquid at least partly filling said insulating vessel; a cooling vessel surrounding at least said insulating vessel; and an inlet and an outlet opening in said cooling vessel arranged so as to enable circulation of a cooling liquid through the same past the wall of said insulating vessel.

6. An electron discharge device comprising in combination a closed discharge vessel having a top wall; inlet openings in said top wall of said discharge vessel; tubular leading-in members extending upwardly from said upper wall of said discharge vessel each firmly secured to the same surrounding one of said inlet openings; an insulating vessel surrounding said tubular leadingin members and extending upwardly from said discharge vessel sealed at its bottom edge to the same; an insulating and heat conducting liquid at least partly filling said insulating vessel; a cooling Vessel surrounding said discharge vessel and said insulating vessel; and an inlet and an outlet opening in said cooling vessel arranged so as to enable circulation of a cooling liquid through the same past the walls of said discharge vessel and said insulating vessel.

7. An electron discharge device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cathode filament is divided into a plurality of parts connected in series, the ends of the outer parts on one side being suspended On one set of leads and the ends of the outer parts on the other side and the ends of the intermediate parts being suspended on intermediate suspension members, secured by means of insulators to the upper portions of the leads which in operation are relatively cool, the individual filaments themselves hanging down .in U-sh'ape into the discharge vessel being arranged in different heights, in order to prevent contact with each other. v

JIRI STIViN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,353,976 Stoekle Sept. 28, 1920 1,993,724 Gebhard Mar. 5, 1935 2,014,809 Kuhle et a1 Sept. 17, 1935 2,084,858 Metcalf June 22, 1937 2,089,079 Ultrey et al. Aug. 3, 1937 2,097,850 Wallace Nov. 2, 1937 2,176,657 Finch Oct. 17, 1939 2,317,442 Chevigny Apr. 27, 1943 2,385,435 Werner et a1. Sept. 25, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 12,001 Great Britain Oct. 9, 1885 349,719 Great Britain June 4, 1931 

